Perioperative fluid therapy in adult patients.

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Intravenous fluid therapy is the cornerstone in anesthetic management during the perioperative period; however, choosing the right type of solution and dose continues to be a matter of debate  at the time of parenteral fluid replacement, which causes an increase in complications and it increases the mortality rates associated with  fluid overload and hypovolemia.

Objective: To collect, describe, and analyze the current state of the available evidence when prescribing parenteral fluids in adult patients with elective non-cardiac surgery.

Materials and Methods: The information search was carried out through different databases like Medline, EMBASE, and SciELO, between the years 2005 and 2020 by taking into account the keywords of the Decs (Spanish) and Mesh (English) as keywords. To delimit the search for information, Boléan operators were included: AND, OR, NOT, taking the PRISMA methodology as a reference to obtain the best possible evidence.

Results: After a rigorous evaluation and methodological selection, 325 articles were found, from which 35 articles were selected and  they met the pre-established requirements, recognizing that in perioperative management with crystalloid fluid therapy, a decrease in the risk of postoperative complications and hospital costs was observed regarding fluid therapy with colloids; however, it is important to individualize the clinical practicum of each patient based on the pre-surgical conditions.

Conclusions: Restrictive fluid therapy in conjunction with crystalloid-type drugs and non-invasive monitoring in perioperative management in adult patients, has been shown to reduce the risk of complications and the length of hospital stay.